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August 17, 2005

Calculating Total Cost of Ownership

When one operating system costs $2000 and another $150, the cheaper one makes more sense at first glance. There are a ton of hidden costs when setting up a network server that go beyond the price tag on the box. We call the sum of those costs "Total Cost of Ownership."

ZDNet has a good discussion of the factors involved in TCO:

Those variables and others--such as what distribution of Linux is in play and the version of Windows or Unix it's being compared with--make it impossible to plug numbers into a preset formula and spit out an easy answer, explained Al Gillen, research director of systems software for tech analyst IDC, which has been doing TCO studies for several years.

Both Linux advocates and Microsoft will tell you that their way of doing things has the advantage. From the same article:

"The cost of acquisition of software, hardware--all the things you buy up front--that's a minority element of the total cost of ownership of any operating system," he said. "Whether you pay $2,000 for a Windows license or $49.95 for a boxed copy of Linux, over the course of its lifetime, that ends up being a minor cost."

Gillen pointed out that $2,000 divided over five years is $400. "What is the cost for a technical support professional per hour to be there on staff? Probably a couple of hundred dollars," he noted.

This makes a lot of sense at face value, but it's really a lot more complicated. What looks like a minimal cost over five years isn't really. If you're setting up a mail server, for example, you need a license for Windows, but then you need another one for Exchange. Then you need client licenses. If you need a database server as well, you need a license for SQL Server. You probably won't want to run e-mail and database engine on the same box, so now you need two Windows server licenses.

In the Linux world, you simply install the same $150 package on one or more servers. Activate the mail program on one, the web server on another, and the database on a third. Your total outlay is still $150.

But that's not the end of the discussion, of course. This assumes that the products are equal; that's not even a dangerous assumption, it's foolhardy. There's also the labor factor. We'll discuss these in the future.

Posted by Edward J. Branley at August 17, 2005 11:06 AM

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